Bal - Honig (Semih Kaplanoglu, 2009)

Yusuf ist ein Kind, das nicht mit der eigenen Mutter sprechen will und ein Außenseiter ist in der Schule--er fühlt sich nur dann wohl, wenn er in der Nähe von seinem Vater ist. Und das ist er auch oft: Er begleitet seinen Vater, den ruhigen Imker Yakub, auf der Suche nach Honig; er hilft ihm bei der Vorbereitung von seinen Werkzeugen. Ein Mal, als der Vater im Wald von einem epileptischen Anfall abgestürzt ist, sorgt sich Yusuf um ihn und rennt zum Fluß, um Wasser zu holen und damit seinen Stirn und seine Wangen sanft zu bestreichen. Yusuf ist gerade mal sechs Jahre alt, ihm hat der Vater aber schon einiges beigebracht, sodass er mit einem Messer einen Apfel halbieren kann. Dafür verwöhnt Yakub sein Kind, er weiß, dass Yusuf keine Milch mag und trinkt sie dann immer aus, wenn die Mutter Yusuf dazu auffordert. Zwischen Vater und Sohn ist ein Vertrauen, eine Zärtlichkeit, was einen geborgen fühlen lässt wie der Wald seine Bäume und Tiere.

Can go through skin (Esther Rots, 2009)

As soon as the movie begins, Marieke, the protagonist in Esther Rots' unsettling and raw debut feature Can go through skin, suffers two huge blows that would change anyone's life. First her boyfriend breaks up with her; then, a pizza-delivery boy breaks into her house out of the blue and nearly drowns her in the bathtub. Unforeseen, ungrounded violence looms large from the very outset; tension, already palpable, will continue to build up throughout the movie.

In many ways, Esther Rots' close, sharp psychological study of a woman combating the loss of balance and attempting to regain strength for life has much in common with the strain of social realism that characterises the work of Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne. Like Rosetta in Rosetta, or Lorna in The Silence of Lorna, Marieke stands for victims that society has wronged or marginalised in one way or another and then left behind. While the attacker gets an unfairly mild sentence, nobody is there to help her, at least not in Amsterdam, and so she leaves, moves into a derelict house in rural Zeeland and struggles to piece her life back together, hoping for a fresh start. But the omnipresent, all-seeing hand-held camera, operated here to great effect on a par with the Dardennes' technique, clearly betrays how shaken Marieke still is.

And so she remains for quite some time, too immobilised and damaged to renovate her house, get proper draining, keep warm, or even eat right. It seems all she does is drink red wine to distract herself from her woes, or attend midnight chat forums to hear fellow victims share their stories. Marieke's apparent disorientation and inability to get a grip on her life reflect the enduring effects of her trauma, but from a certain point on, her withdrawn, pessimistic attitude that is self-defeating becomes apparent. This is when a viewer's empathy likely morphs into disapproval and the sight of her messy living environment with its piles of unwashed dishes starts to get under one's skin.

If an oppressive tone and a repulsive environment are among Esther Rots' tools to depict a victim's scarred psychology, then the dream/ fantasy sequences that punctuate the main narrative and show how Marieke would hurt her attacker add an explosive edge to the director's intentions. Jolting jump cuts, flash backs and a jarring soundtrack teeming with scratching, knocking, slapping noises only push the movie's emotionally exhausting nature to the next level.

Esther Rots does provide some reprieve by showing how Marieke slowly but cautiously returns to social life and develops a relationship with the friendly, down-to-earth neighbour, John. There are signs of a burgeoning love life and a return to normality, as Marieke becomes pregnant and John renovates her house and moves in with her and the two start a family. Only Marieke will never return from the brink of breakdown.

Observant, carefully shot and convincingly play by all, Can go through skin paints a tactile picture of pain, angst and vengeance that is often upsetting and hard to stomach. While it does not go into the politics of victimisation, it does side with Marieke as the victim and can, in this regard, come across as imbalanced in that it condones Marieke's indolent attitude as well as her latent aggression. The movie can also seem didactic and harsh to some for its unnerving, pungent undertone. But this is also where its brilliance lies: by pulling no punches when it comes to showing the hell Marieke has to go through, this movie makes us fear.

Nord (Rune Denstad Langlo, Norway, 2009)

The jaded, clumsy Jomar has been isolating himself from the world and wallowing in his dissatisfaction with life ever since an accident prematurely terminates his ski career and his girlfriend runs away with his best friend. He takes on an uninteresting job as lift operator at a ski resort and surrounds himself with alcohol and National Geographic documentaries; sometimes he suffers from panic attacks. One day Jomar is told that he actually has a son, who is now four and lives in the North Pole. Jomar is initially confused and unmoved but decides, at the moment he accidentally sets his hut on fire, to go find out who his son is. He embarks on a long, strenuous journey through the snow and cold and encounters many a comical character who, in their various ways, bring Jomar back to life. Whether it is a lonesome girl who defies her grandmother and tends to Jomar after he gets snow-blind, or an old quasi-hermit who gives him his credit card before facing his death, they all empower Jomar with a sense of hope that he has all but lost. A confidently shot, subtle film with strong performances from lead character Anders Baasmo Christiansen as well as Marte Aunemo as the young girl, Nord is heartfelt, honest, mature but bustling with childlike enthusiasm and purity and of course, full of Nordic humour. It calls itself an "anti-depressive" "off-road" movie, and it does deliver -- it lifted my spirits and helped me combat the cold, snowy Berlin, even though one would've thought that heaps of snow in a movie tend to make one feel colder. This film may just be the hot chocolate you need on a cold winter night.

The Limits of Control (Jim Jarmusch, 2009)

By the time Issach de Bankole's character (the film's credits call him the "Lone Man") orders two separate cups of espresso, extracts a note written in code from a Le Boxer matchbox and washes it down with a gulp of coffee for the third time, it becomes obvious The Limits of Control is an exercise in repetition. There's always the same greeting exchanged between the Lone Man and the enigmatic strangers he encounters (in Spanish "you don't speak Spanish, do you?"). Conversations always follow the same basic template with the main theme varied each time (sometimes it's art, sometimes it's science or bohemians). The Lone Man is always stoic, never smiles, never has sex while he is on the job and never uses a cell phone, and (for no apparent reason at all) always eats the note after he reads it. We wait in earnest for something else to happen, for the pattern to change up, but what's ironic is that even when it finally does--when the Lone Man reaches his destination, carries out his mission, and returns home extracting this time a blank note from a Le Boxer matchbox--it feels strangely predictable too. Recall Down by Law and we wonder if Jarmusch has lost his sense of the outlandish, the outrageous, the witty.

Nothing childlike, nothing childish

Not everything that features children is childish. For those dissatisfied with High School Musical, look no further than two must-see movies that deal with childhood in a way that is intelligent, playful, always engaging, and definitely adult.

The Class (Entre les murs) stormed the movie world last year with its Palme d'Or victory at Cannes--France's first win in 21 years--and continues to exhilarate and inspire audiences across the globe. Based on ex-teacher Francois Begaudeau's memoir of his experiences in a multi-cultural Parisian school, this well-acted, improvisatory, documentary-styled drama reveals a year of intense teacher-pupil interaction. Teacher Francois Marin (Francois Begaudeau) is beset by problems almost every day at school. Either the 15 year-olds (intentionally) forget to bring their school material to class, or they quarrel among one another, throw dirty jokes around, and taunt him. They are unimpressed with his friendly approach and dismiss him for knowing nothing about their multi-cultural background. To their minds, The Diary of Anne Frank is obsolete and the ability to speak perfect French irrelevant. They believe there are more important things in life, and they might be right.

The movie aims precisely to give these adolescents a voice, to remind audiences that despite their age and inexperience, they may actually know what they want--perhaps more than we do. Director Laurent Cantet also tackles France's controversial race-related issues, featuring in one sequence a lesson on the French language and capturing, with an observant camera, how most pupils cannot care less about French grammar. The implicit question Cantet raises here is, do these adolescents, mostly of non-French background but likely born in France, become less French as a result? It's a bold move that provokes audiences to rethink the concept of French identity.

Cantet also takes great care in developing a nuanced plot and depicting a complex moral reality where the teacher is de-sanctified and makes just as many mistakes as the adolescents. Once Marin loses control and impulsively calls two girls "whores" for having disturbed a teachers' meeting the evening before. This remark causes something of a riot in the classroom and the damage to the teacher-pupil relationship is far-reaching.

Iranian master of cinema Abbas Kiarostami's simultaneously humorous and serious Ten (2002) is less gloomy than the outstanding, gripping Taste of Cherry (1997) and more upbeat. It provides insight into the lives of Iranian women today and features an outrageously feisty but strangely fascinating young boy, Amin Mahernot. Never have I seen a kid argue like a man before, and never have I witnessed a battle of the sexes that is as slippery and intriguing.

In three juicy episodes (out of the total of ten), we see Amin accusing his mother, Mania Akbari (who sits behind the wheel throughout the film) for divorcing his father and neglecting his need for a wholesome family. When his mother raises her voice and defends the happiness she finds with her present boyfriend, Amin raises his too, complaining that her voice is too loud, flailing his hands wildly and preventing his mother from getting a word in. He is angry and for the most part reproaches her for not fulfilling the responsibilities of the "ideal woman". What does an 8-year old know about gender responsibilities? The level of precociousness is baffling, the hint of chauvinism anything but funny.

As accusations continue to sputter out of Amins' mouth, one may be tempted to write off his behaviour as disrespectful. But before doing so, note that the movie takes place in a foreign culture after all. Maybe in Iran, parents and children interact in a manner different to ours? Maybe perceptions of male-female dynamics are so deep-rooted and innate that even children know how men and women should behave?

This is where Kiarostami's movie comes in as an introductory but instructive eye-opener. The director places the camera on the car's dashboard and allows his actors/actresses to develop the drama on their own in the microcosm of the vehicle. As Mania drives around and interacts with the string of characters-- Amin, a female friend whom Mania scolds for having subordinated herself to an unreliable man, a prostitute who gets into the car thinking Mania was male, and other female characters--we also become her passengers, taken along for the ride. We partake in the female's thoughts, which appear at once Iranian and universal, and appreciate how male-female relations function in that culture, as exemplified by Amin and Mania's argument or hinted at obliquely in other episodes. But the list of revelations doesn't end here. There is an infinite number of ways to read the movie and understand its social and political implications for both sides of the Atlantic, and that's one reason why I enjoyed it so thoroughly--besides being completely overwhelmed by Amin's uncanny and anything-but-childlike ferocity.

Araya (Margot Benacerrai, 1959)

The booming voice of the narrator, the pentatonic scale-dominated movie score, the Sun, the Wind and the Sea that fill the movie screen…these are examples of the haunting aspects to the black-and-white Araya, an unforgettable journey into a Venezuelan peninsula inhabited by the Araya people and a persistent, uncannily awe-inspiring look at a community unfamiliar to most but worthy of attention, especially since threats to destroy their traditional livelihood are mounting.

At its heart, Araya is a dense documentary, a drone-like meditation on and solemn observation of nature and man with breathtaking images and evocative sounds. The opening credits--waves crashing against the shore, a minimalist score and panning shots of this vast peninsula--evoke something exotic and distant. A thick male voice narrates dramatically, calling out to each individual viewer and pulling him into the heart of the peninsula. Long takes establish an appropriately patient pace, and overhead, sweeping shots magnify the region's natural beauty.

The Araya people are a subsistent community. Their daily life revolves around one main concern--nutrition--and their movements, gestures and the sparse words that are being exchanged all reflect their down-to-earth nature. Men are born to be fishermen or salt-miners, and women help with the salt mines, make pottery, sell fish, and care for their families. The camera eagerly captures their daily routines: repetitive and rhythmically edited mid-shots of men thrashing salt and propping baskets of crystal on their heads and shoulders, climbing up a salt hill to deposit salt and returning to get more salt, call to mind images of farming from Soviet constructivist Alexander Dovzhenko's Earth (1930).

Whereas man's power over nature and the exertion of this power to control production and to provide for a means of life lie at the heart of Soviet cinema, in the case of Araya the human being is both a master of his environment as well as its servant. The narration highlights the predominance of the Sea as the provider for life, the omnipresence of the Sun and the Wind. Man is but a small part of this vast piece of nature. Diligently, the Araya people work with and harvest from nature for their needs but never damage it. No matter its number, the community exudes a sense of humility. Man and nature co-exist in harmony: there are no factories, no iPods, no SUVs to pollute the natural environment.

What are the Araya people really like? What do they do other than work, and what do they think about their lives? In their stoic way, they do not express with words what they think. Instead, the impassioned narrator describes them, uses his imagination, even tries to step into their shoes and to visualise what they may be thinking. His staccato and dramatic delivery is full of vivid emotions, and like a poet he conjures up a very subjective image of the people and the place.

Given this piece of narration, it becomes clear that Araya is more than just a documentary: it is both documentary and narrative cinema. On the one hand, it documents the livelihood of this community by showing how they live and what the landscape is like; on the other, it subjectifies what it sees by having a narrator voice his personal response that may or may not reflect what the Araya people think. His commentary becomes the storyline. As men move about on the salt mine, he ponders what it may be like working so hard in the sun and raises the question, "When will this fatigue ever be over?" Seeing father and son get up before day break every day to prepare their fishing boat, and imagining that this must be a rather monotonous task, he wonders aloud whether these people ever wish to change the way things are in their lives, as if he would do so were he in their place. The commentary not only provides information, it enthralls viewers at the same time with an added layer of subjective poetry that interprets and gives meaning to every single grain of salt, every single bead of sweat.

Given the rich imagery, it is shocking to realise in the movie's finale that this poetry may soon cease to exist. When the machinery arrives--it is never quite clear from where or from whom-- to mechanise part of the salt-mines operation, the incongruity of the tractors with the previously pristine desert landscape is as jarring as the movie's abrupt change of mood punctuated by a now thrill and urgent score. The narrator expresses consternation: will the people's hands stop making their movement, will they stop labouring for the precious salts? What will become of their lives? Like the narrator, a viewer cannot help but feel pessimistic about what the camera sees: machines, like pests on a field, crawling on the same paths on which generation after generation has toiled. By now a viewer feels so moved by the sounds and the images that he even starts to care for a community that previously seems so distant and irrelevant but whose imminent destruction now leaves him feeling dark, disturbed. The movie has not only offered a glimpse into a far-away land but, without the viewer knowing it, enraptured him with its humanism and affected him with its sympathy for the Araya people. A magnificent work full of poetry and passion for life and a valuable lesson on how fragile life actually is in our modern times dominated by progress and technology.

Permanent Vacation (Jim Jarmusch, 1980)

Like the aimless, "drifting" slacker protagonist it portrays, Jim Jarmusch's Permanent Vacation is itself a nomad of sorts: it follows Allie Christopher Parker around as he wanders around the gritty, largely depilated nondescript New York neighbourhood, listens to the lone saxophone corner blow his horn around the corner, and dances whenever the music pleases him. Despite being a loner who is estranged from his institutionalised mother and not interested in a communal way of living with his roommate (or girlfriend), Leila, Allie is an insightful youth rather mature for his age. He understands he is not cut out for ambitions or goals after which people normally go after in life. He knows all too well about loneliness--"everyone is lonely"--and resorts to drifting around the neighbourhood so that he will not be constantly reminded of his lonesome state.

As a film that blends fiction and documentary, Permanent Vacation places great emphasis on the cityscape in which Allie lives. It plays like a landlocked contemplation on a strange environment that lacks a sense of community. Just like Allie, the other individuals he meets--a veteran who hallucinates that a new war is impending; the withdrawn girl who works at the cinema; a black person in the cinema's lobby sharing a joke; the saxophone player who solos in the depths of night--seem to embody an equal degree of aloneness. It seems that in a city, meeting is always temporary, inter-personal interaction transient: Allie would stop to chat and to listen to these individuals, but then he will be on his way again.

While Allie does not want to become tied down with other people or with New York, and finally decides to leave to Europe by boat, he never seems to be in a rush with how he lives, or with life itself. His naturalistic acting and charming boyish looks endear him to curious viewers. The movie appears to be equally patient and relishes the sights, sounds and smells of the city, with extended takes and non-kinetic editing being key to its moderate pacing. Jim Jarmusch and John Lurie's unadorned yet evocative score that features the latter on saxophone creates a static, near-surreal vacuum in which the streets as well as people are enveloped, a space where time feels stagnant. When the harbour is seen at last, and the boat gets under way, a sense of movement takes over. What will happen to Allie remains a mystery that Jarmusch was contented to leave unsolved. Life is like a permanent vacation, after all.